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Pichi is an Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creole spoken on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. It is an offshoot of 19th century Krio (Sierra Leone) and shares many characteristics with West African relatives like Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin English, as well as with the English-lexifier creoles of the insular and continental Caribbean. This comprehensive description presents a detailed analysis of the grammar and phonology of Pichi. It also includes a collection of texts and wordlists. Pichi features a nominative-accusative alignment, SVO word order, adjective-noun order, prenominal determiners, and prepositions. The language has a seven-vowel system and twenty-two consonant phonemes. Pichi has a two-tone system with tonal minimal pairs, morphological tone, and tonal processes. The morphological structure is largely isolating.

Linguistics --- Creole dialects, English --- Grammar --- English Creole languages --- Negro-English dialects --- Creole Languages

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"The current volume presents a number of chapters which look at informal vernacular letters, written mostly by emigrants to the former colonies of Britain, who settled at these locations in the past few centuries, with a focus on letters from the nineteenth century. Such documents often show features for varieties of English which do not necessarily appear in later sources or which are not attested with the same range or in the same set of grammatical contexts. This has to do with the vernacular nature of the letters, i.e. they were written by speakers who had a lower level of education and whose speech, and hence their written form of language, does not appear to have been guided by considerations of standardness and conformity to external norms of language. Furthermore, the writers of the emigrant letters, examined in the current volume, were very unlikely to have known of, still less have used, manuals of letter writing. Emigrant letters thus provide a valuable source of data in tracing the possible development of features in varieties of English in the USA, Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand"--

English language --- Germanic languages --- Variation --- History --- Dialects --- E-books --- Variation.

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La dynamique de l’Europe des régions puise en partie son énergie et sa volonté prospective dans une réévaluation des cultures propres. À leur base se trouvent souvent des langues. La France, où le français constitue une référence en matière d’intégration et de projection internationale, participe aussi de cette dynamique, riche qu’elle est encore d’un patrimoine linguistique diversifié. Différents organismes, publics ou privés, soit pour répondre à la demande, soit pour l’organiser ou l’anticiper, y sont de plus en plus amenés à en tenir compte. Concernée notamment par l’occitan et le basque, l’Aquitaine constitue à cet égard un point d’observation privilégié, aussi susceptible d’être à l’origine d’expériences abouties que de profiter de celles qui sont menées dans son voisinage. L’ouvrage collectif qui vous est présenté, tirant parti d’une actualité fournie en interrogations sur la survie, voire le retour à la vie de ces langues, tente un état des lieux et se propose, à ce stade, de dégager quelques tendances.

French language --- Dialects --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- French language - Dialects - France - Aquitaine. --- langue occitane --- langue basque --- régionalisme --- linguistique --- patrimoine linguistique

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"This book is a corpus-based description and discussion of how Modern Mandarin Chinese encodes motion events, with a focus on how the distribution of verbal motion morphemes is closely associated to the meanings they lexicalize. The book is not only the first work that proposes a finer-grained classification and diagnostics of Chinese motion morphemes from the perspective of scale structure, but also the first to more comprehensively account for the ordering of Chinese motion morphemes. The findings of this study will not only enrich the literature on motion events, but more importantly, further our understanding of the nature of motion events and the way motion events are conceived and represented in the Chinese language. The major proposals and the scalar approach of this work will also shed light on studies beyond motion. The book will be a valuable resource for scholars interested in motion events, syntax-semantic interface, and typology"--

Mandarin dialects --- Cognitive grammar. --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Psycholinguistics --- Northern Chinese dialects --- Chinese language --- Verb.

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Are the past participial forms that occur in passive and perfect periphrases substantially identical or should they rather be distinguished into accidentally homophonous passive and perfect(ive) participles? This book discusses the long-standing mystery of past participial (non-)identity on the basis of a broad range of synchronic data from Germanic and Romance, eventually focussing on German and English as these draw the most relevant distinctions (e.g. auxiliary alternation, a passive auxiliary that is not BE). Together with some contrastive insights from Slavic as well as the diachrony of passive and perfect periphrases, this clearly points to an identity-view. The novel approach that is laid out suggests that past participles conflate diathetic and aspectual properties. The former cause the suppression of an external argument, whereas the latter impose event-structure sensitive perfectivity, which only induces the completion of a situation if the underlying eventuality denotes a simple change of state. An approach along these lines sheds light on the intricate properties of past participles and the auxiliaries they occur with, the determinants of auxiliary selection as well as the interplay of argument and event structure.

Romance languages --- Neo-Latin languages --- Italic languages and dialects --- Participle. --- Germanic languages --- Teutonic languages --- Indo-European languages --- Participle --- Auxiliary. --- Passive. --- Past Participle. --- Periphrastic Perfect.